Phenotype MicroArray™ Mammalian assays are cell-based assays used to investigate up to 1,400 metabolic and chemical sensitivity phenotypes.
Phenotype MicroArrays™ use 96-well plates pre-loaded with carbon and nitrogen substrates, ions, stimulatory and inhibitory compounds such as hormones/cytokines and anti-cancer agents. Cells of interest are added to the plates along with Biolog’s proprietary redox dye. The generation of energy-rich NADH by the cells reduces the redox dye and brings about a color change which can be read and analyzed by Odin.
Application note available for dowload: Synergy of Anti-Cancer Drugs to Induce Cell Death in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
DNA microarrays and proteomic methods made it possible to assay thousands of genes or proteins in a cell at once.
Phenotype MicroArray™ technology represents a significant advancement in cellular characterization, enabling the measurement of thousands of cellular phenotypes within a single experiment. By providing comprehensive and precise quantification of phenotypes, researchers can gain an unbiased understanding of how genetic differences, environmental changes, and exposure to drugs or chemicals affect cells.
Key applications of Phenotype MicroArray™ technology include:
- Correlating functional phenotypes with genotypes
- Determining a cell strain’s metabolic and chemical sensitivity properties
- Elucidating drug susceptibility
- Optimizing cell lines and bioprocess culture conditions
- Characterizing cellular phenotypes for taxonomic or epidemiological studies
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How It Works
Phenotype MicroArrays consist of preconfigured 96-well plates, each containing various classes of chemical compounds. These plates are inoculated with a standardized cell suspension to test for the functional presence or absence of thousands of phenotypes in a single experiment.
The technology includes 10 panels designed to examine metabolic pathways as well as ionic, osmotic, and pH effects. Additionally, there are 10 panels specifically tailored to assess sensitivity to a variety of antimicrobials with different mechanisms of action.
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| Plate Name | Description |
|---|---|
| PM 1-2 Microplates | Carbon utilization assays |
| PM 3 Microplate | Nitrogen utilization assays |
| PM 4 Microplate | Phosphorus – Sulfur utilization assays |
| PM 5 Microplate | Biosynthetic pathway/nutrient stimulation |
| PM 6-8 Microplates | Nitrogen utilization assays |
| PM 9 Microplate | Osmotic/Ionic response assays |
| PM 10 Microplate | pH response assays |
| PM 11-20 Microplates | Bacterial chemical sensitivity assays |
| PM 21-25 Microplates | Yeast chemical sensitivity assays |
Technology
How Phenotype MicroArray Technology Works
Phenotype MicroArrays can be used in two ways. You can monitor cellular respiration by utilizing Biolog’s patented redox dye technology, which amplifies the signal from NADH production. You can also use the MicroArrays to monitor growth without the redox dye present.
Respiration and growth can be simultaneously monitored on Odin™, with and without the redox dye.
An example of how we compare phenotypes between two cell lines is depicted here. Cell line 1 (blue) and cell line 2 (yellow) are grown simultaneously under the same conditions. Our software will overlay the two respiration or growth curves to detect differences. The overlay area is green, allowing a qualitative view of the phenotypic differences between the cell lines.
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Phenotypic Analysis with Odin
To effectively utilize Phenotype MicroArrays, an instrument capable of reading at the correct wavelengths and measuring kinetic changes over time at short intervals is essential. Additionally, a robust software package is required to analyze the data and identify differences between samples.
The Odin™ platform meets these needs, allowing you to characterize phenotypes by monitoring growth curves and cell metabolism kinetics for microbial or mammalian cells across up to 50 plates simultaneously. When paired with Phenotype MicroArrays, Odin can analyze up to 4,800 conditions unattended for hours or even days.
